The main difference between solid-state batteries and lithium-ion batteries is the electrolyte. The electrolyte of lithium ions is liquid and exists in the form of gel and polymer, making it difficult for the weight of the battery to drop. In addition, the energy of a single lithium battery pack is not high, so multiple battery packs must be connected in series, adding further weight. The cost of engineering, manufacturing and installing the battery pack accounts for a large proportion of the overall cost of an electric vehicle.
What is the difference between solid-state batteries and lithium-ion batteries? Lithium-ion batteries were first developed by Sony Corporation of Japan in 1990. It is to intercalate lithium ions into carbon (petroleum coke and graphite) to form a negative electrode (traditional lithium batteries use lithium or lithium alloys as the negative electrode). LixCoO2 is commonly used as cathode material , LixNiO2 and LixMnO4 are also used, and the electrolyte is LiPF6 + diethylene carbonate (EC) + dimethyl carbonate (DMC). Ī lithium-ion battery is a secondary battery (rechargeable battery) that mainly relies on the movement of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work. During the charging and discharging process, Li+ intercalates and deintercalates back and forth between the two electrodes: during charging, Li+ is deintercalated from the positive electrode, intercalated into the negative electrode through the electrolyte, and the negative electrode is in a lithium-rich state during discharge, the opposite is true. In solid-state ionics, a solid-state battery is a battery that uses solid electrodes and a solid electrolyte. Solid-state batteries generally have lower power density and higher energy density. Due to the high power-to-weight ratio of solid-state batteries, they are ideal batteries for electric vehicles. Solid-state batteries are a type of battery technology. Unlike lithium-ion batteries and lithium-ion polymer batteries that are commonly used today, solid-state batteries are batteries that use solid electrodes and solid electrolytes. Although they have high energy density and fast charging speed, they have problems such as safety. Therefore, the industry is actively developing solid-state batteries , expecting it to replace traditional lithium-ion batteries. Specifically, it said, "One of the reasons that Toyota is starting with HEVs is because it wants to introduce solid-state batteries to the market as soon as possible, gain customer feedback, and continue to evolve them.At present, most of the electric vehicles and energy storage systems use lithium-ion batteries . In the past, Toyota as a company said it does want to look into this battery type with a hybrid application first. Hybrids will provide a perfect test for the technology before the automaker gets in too deep with a solid-state battery powered EV. Pratt reiterated the batteries charge and discharge in a different way compared to lithium-ion batteries. The thinking is to produce the benefits of such a battery, but combine it with hybrid technology to keep the price down on a production vehicle.įurther, using solid-state tech in a hybrid will provide Toyota valuable insight before it uses the batteries in purely electric cars. It may seem counterintuitive, but Pratt said there's sound reasoning for it: Lithium-ion batteries aren't at a price parity with the internal-combustion engine, let alone solid-state batteries. Yes, a solid-state battery and internal-combustion engine working together. Instead, Pratt told Autoline on Thursday the company will shove the solid-state battery into a hybrid vehicle.
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